![]() In people who have been exposed to rabies, the rabies vaccine and sometimes rabies immunoglobulin are effective in preventing the disease if the person receives the treatment before the start of rabies symptoms. Immunizing people before they are exposed is recommended for those at high risk, including those who work with bats or who spend prolonged periods in areas of the world where rabies is common. Īnimal control and vaccination programs have decreased the risk of rabies from dogs in a number of regions of the world. The disease can be diagnosed only after the start of symptoms. Rodents are very rarely infected with rabies. In the Americas, bat bites are the most common source of rabies infections in humans, and less than 5% of cases are from dogs. In countries where dogs commonly have the disease, more than 99% of rabies cases are the direct result of dog bites. Globally, dogs are the most common animal involved. Saliva from an infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes into contact with the eyes, mouth, or nose. It is spread when an infected animal bites or scratches a human or other animals. Rabies is caused by lyssaviruses, including the rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. The time depends on the distance the virus must travel along peripheral nerves to reach the central nervous system. The time period between contracting the disease and the start of symptoms is usually one to three months but can vary from less than one week to more than one year. Once symptoms appear, the result is virtually always death, regardless of treatment. These symptoms are followed by one or more of the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, an inability to move parts of the body, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Early symptoms can include fever and tingling at the site of exposure. Rabies is a viral disease that causes encephalitis in humans and other mammals. Virtually 100% fatal after onset of symptoms Rabies vaccine, animal control, rabies immunoglobulin Fever, fear of water, confusion, excessive salivary secretion, hallucinations, disrupted sleep, paralysis, coma, hyperactivity, headache, nausea, vomiting, anxiety
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